AI Archeologia

AI Archaeology

 

 

 

EN

 

India  - Rigveda

 

 

Artificial Intelligence in Ancient India

 

“We owe a lot to the ancient Indians, teaching us how to count. Without which most modern scientific discoveries would have been impossible.”

Albert Einstein

 

Indian tradition is one of the primeval traditions in the globe which explores science and technology from the very beginning of civilization. 

The Vedic age lasted from around 1500 BCE through to 500 BCE. The age is known as ‘Heroic Age’ of Indian civilization as this period helped to reform the structure of basic foundation of India and rescued the tradition from suffering for the existence.

Vedic age is called the age of researchers and scientists as well.

Vedic texts are so much valuable that it can be applied to the modern technology and texts contain some moral stories; Veda means Knowledge and the texts must contain some relevant knowledge otherwise it would not have survived till now. There are many instances which prove that Mechanical Engineering was pursued during the Vedic period.

In this era, many books were published in Sanskrit based on the science and technology like Yantra Sarvaswa,  Samarangana Sutradhara, Silptantra Rahasya, Yukti Kalpataru and many others.

Here, key innovations are mentioned based on the application of Mechanical Engineering in that period.

 

Vedas

Indian philosophers and scholars have been contemplating the idea of machines that can mimic human intelligence for centuries.

The concept of AI can be traced back to the ancient Indian text, the Vedas, which were written between 1500 BCE and 500 BCE.

The Vedas contain various references to machines and robots that can perform human-like tasks.

For example, the Rig Veda describes a chariot that is pulled by horses made of metal, while the Yajur Veda describes machines that can make music and dance.

It is very clear that the concept of AI has a long and rich history in ancient India.

While the machines and devices described in ancient texts may seem fantastical by modern standards, they represent a fascinating exploration of the human desire to create machines that can mimic human intelligence and behavior.

The Vedas are considered to be among the most primeval and mysterious texts in the world. 

Their sacred hymns have shaped societal, political, and economic philosophies.

The Vedas are split into 4 sacred texts:

The Rig Veda : The Book of Mantra
The Sama Veda : The Book of Song
The Yajur Veda : The Book of Ritual
The Atharva Veda : The Book of Spell

The Vedas were originally formed, recited, and passed down from generation to generation by Aryannomads (considered “the noble ones”) in ancient India during the Vedic Period, but it wasn’t until centuries later (long after the Vedic Period) that the Vedas were written into physical form, creating what we know today as the Vedic Texts.

Rigveda

1028 hyms (sūktas)

 

Mantras - Mandalas

The oldest and most fundamental of these texts is the Rigveda .

In Sanskrit, the word Rigveda means “knowledge of the verses (or mantras ).”

The Rigveda is the first Vedic text ever written and is the main source of history on the ancient Hindus.

The text is comprised of 1,028 hymns ( sūktas ) dedicated to various deities.

And these hymns contain 10 books, called “circles” or “mandalas”  .

These scriptures contain hymns that are devoted to the praise of various gods and goddesses, philosophical questions, the virtue of dāna (generosity, charity) in society, and other metaphysical issues.

The hymns include praises, blessings, and sacrifices written in enchanting poetry and prose.

 

Vimana

 

A Vimana is a word with several meanings ranging from temple or palace to mythological flying machines described in Sanskrit texts like Yajurveda, Mahabharata, Samarangana Sutradhara, Rigweda, Ramayana and even older ones.

In addition to the Vedas, the ancient Indian text, the Mahabharata, also contains references to advanced machines and weapons.

One of the most well-known examples is the Brahmastra, a weapon that was said to be capable of destroying entire armies and cities.

The Mahabharata also describes Vimanas, flying machines that were powered by mercury and controlled by the mind.

 

Aerodynamics:

Very few people know about Tritala, Jalayan, Karaa, Vayurathaa and Vidyutrathaa which are mentioned in Rigveda.

This signifies about the knowledge of aerodynamics in that era which is way before the invention of the Wright brothers.

 

 

 

IT

L’aritmetica binaria inventata dal grande pensatore tedesco Leibniz (1646-1716) ha la stessa origine del metodo del maestro studioso cinese Shao Yong (1010-1077), come testimoniato dallo stesso Leibniz quando calcolò i numeri sequenziali per gua.

EN

The binary arithmetic invented by German great thinker Leibniz (1646-1716) is of the same origin with Chinese master scholar Shao Yong’s (1010-1077) method, as witnessed by Leibniz himself when he calculated the sequential numbers for gua.

 

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

L’Ars Combinatoria leibniziana viene concepita inizialmente come “lingua universale”, ma con un’evidente accentuazione dei caratteri logici: si tratta di un linguaggio matematizzato modellato sulla stessa struttura del pensiero (characteristica universalis) che dovrebbe poter ridurre ogni disputa filosofica a un semplice calcolo del valore di verità di un enunciato, in modo da dimostrare le verità acquisite (ars demonstrandi) ma anche di scoprirne di nuove (ars inveniendi). Come in Wilkins, il progetto richiede una preventiva ricerca dei primitivi, che Leibniz però intende in senso logico, non tassonomico, e quindi coincidente con la scomposizione delle idee complesse in idee semplici a prescindere dalla loro portata enciclopedica.

Dissertatio de Arte Combinatoria è una delle prime opere del matematico e filosofo tedesco Leibnizm scritta e pubblicata nel 1666 a Lipsia, in cui presenta la sua teoria della logica combinatoria.

 

 

 

Link:

>>> https://www.andreamartines.it/scritti/la-letteratura-combinatoria/macrocombinatoria/leibniz/

>>> https://www.filosofico.net/Antologia_file/AntologiaL/LEIBNIZ_%20L%20ARTE%20COMBINATORIA.htm

 

 

 

 

Athanasius Kircher & Generative AI

Atanasius Kircher nato a Geisa, presso Fulda, il 12 maggio 1602, morto a Roma il 28 novembre 1680.

Atanasius Kircher, ha scritto quasi 50 libri (teologia, filosofia, medicina, musica, acustica, meccanica, geologia, sinologia ed altro ancora) e un elevatissimo numero di manoscritti (ca 2000), ove tratta anche materie quali matematica, astronomia, archeologia, chimica, ottica, per non parlare delle lingue orientali, vulcanologia e di materie particolari quali la cabala e quello che oggi chiamiamo occultismo. 

In questi testi sono contenute intuizioni e ipotesi che vengono messe a disposizione degli studiosi per le successive elaborazioni. 

Un insieme di opere che porta molti a considerarlo un vero e proprio genio enciclopedico, definito talvolta il "maestro dai cento saperi".
Il campo di interesse di Kircher, che oggi definiremmo multidisciplinare, è in pratica sterminato. 

In esso egli applica sempre un costante rigore scientifico, non disgiunto anche dall’analisi empirica, e caratterizzato, per di più, da una concezione della natura improntata a misticismo.

 

Alcune opere:

 

Fisica (Ars Magnesia, Würzburg 1631; Specula melitensis, Napoli 1638; Ars magnae lucis et umbrae, Roma 1645);

Sacra Liturgia (Rituale Ecclesiae aegyptiacae, Roma 1647);

Astronomia (Itinerarium extaticum, Roma 1655);

Storia Naturale (Mundus subterraneus, Amsterdam 1665);

Matematica (Organum mathematicum, Würzburg 1668); 

Musica (Musurgia universalis, Roma 1660) .

 

 

 

L' Arca Musarithmica è un dispositivo per la composizione musicale 

automatica inventato da Athanasius Kircher nel 1650

L' Arca Musarithmica é un sistema automatico per generare gli spartiti musicali, il che fa di lui il fondatore della musica prodotta mediante una sorta di algoritmo. 

>>> Genera Musica

 

La sua autorità è talmente riconosciuta che il Bernini si rivolge a lui per chiedere consigli riguardanti la progettazione della celeberrima Fontana dei Fiumi, posta a Roma in Piazza Navona, caratterizzata dall’allegoria riferita alla creazione divina del cosmo, dalla colomba simbolo del divino e dalle figure anche animali, presenti nella grotta e negli anfratti: tutti simboli utili al processo conoscitivo che porta alla conspevolezza.

 

Athanasius Kircher aspira a una sintesi universale "armonica" di tutta la conoscenza.

 

 

 

 

 

Raimond Lull

Il monaco catalano Ramon Lull (1235-1316) nel 1274 pubblica l'Ars Magna
(Ars generalis sive Magna).

La molteplicità di versioni della combinatoria lulliana sviluppa l’applicabilità di un nucleo teorico centrale su ogni campo della conoscenza, proponendosi come ars generalis ultima, strumento dell’unificazione delle scienze (Ars Magna).

Nel 1274, alla fine di un lungo eremitaggio sul Picco di Randa, nell’isola di Maiorca, Ramon Lull concepisce — (per rivelazione divina)  — l’idea di una grande opera che diventa cuore e obiettivo della sua vita: la creazione di un complesso sistema che chiama la sua «Arte», ovvero la Ars Magna. 

L’«Arte Grande» di Lull è uno strano e complesso sistema in bilico fra metafisica e logica, espresso in forma di tavole, grafici e cerchi mobili di carta che si possono ruotare e sovrapporre per generare combinazioni arbitrarie di concetti elementari fondamentali. 

Con questo sistema, Ramon Lull intendeva mettere ordine nel mondo e convertire nel mondo religioso del suo tempo i popoli di credo spirituale diverso  (ebrei, musulmani al cristiani).

Questi obiettivi, direi, non li ha raggiunti. 

Ma l’influenza del suo strano sistema è stata vastissima. 

Giordano Bruno e Montaigne, due fra i pensatori alle radici della modernità, hanno preso ispirazione da lui. Ma è stato sopratutto Leibniz a cogliere il nocciolo dell’Arte Grande di Llull, ripulirla da aspetti medievali e cercare di trarne una lingua razionale universale, ribattezzandola «arte combinatoria», con l’obiettivo di tradurre l’intera razionalità in calcolo. 

Un’applicazione diretta di questa idea è la prima macchina per calcolare ideata da Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, progenitrice riconosciuta di tutti i computer odierni. 

Ma la stessa idea è alla base degli sviluppi moderni della logica, da Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege al positivismo logico, pensata come grammatica universale della razionalità.

 

Link:

>>> https://www.corriere.it/ramon-llull-ars-magna

>>> https://patrimonidarte.com/ramon-llull-tra-religione-e-logica/

>>> https://liberliber.it/autori/autori-l/ramon-llull-alias-raimondo-lullo/

 

 

 

 

Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi

 

Matematico, astronomo, geografo e cronografo musulmano vissuto tra il 780 e l’850 e faceva parte della corte reale di Baghdad.

Al-Khwarizmi era strettamente associato alla "Casa della Saggezza" (Bayt al-Hikmah) a Baghdad, un importante centro di apprendimento durante l'era d'oro islamica. La casa della saggezza ha svolto un ruolo cruciale nel preservare e tradurre i testi greci, persiani e indiani in arabo.

La parola algoritmo viene associato al matematico Al-Khuwārizmī.

Il termine "algebra" deriva dalla parola araba "al-jabr", che appare nel titolo del libro di Al-Khwarizmi. 

Si riferisce al processo di trasposizione dei termini da un lato di un'equazione all'altro.

Grazie al suo libro intitolato Algorithmi De Numero Indorum (Calcoli con i Numeri Indiani) al-Khuwārizmī diede impulso al sistema decimale.

Ma la sua fama è fondata soprattutto sul trattato di algebra, ritenuto di fondamentale importanza per lo sviluppo di questa disciplina, tanto che dal nome del suo autore, deformato da un traduttore in Algorithmi, derivò il termine algoritmo, ancor oggi denotante uno schema di calcolo.

Il suo libro, "Kitab al-Jabr Wal-Muqabala" (il compendio sul calcolo per completamento e bilanciamento), ha introdotto metodi sistematici per risolvere equazioni lineari e quadratiche.

 

La matematica araba si diffonde nel Mar Mediterraneo

Le sue opere furono tradotte in latino durante il XII secolo, introducendo le sue idee agli studiosi europei e svolgendo un ruolo significativo nel Rinascimento e nella rivoluzione scientifica.

Secoli dopo, alcuni matematici occidentali (tra cui Galileo e Fibonacci) riconobbero i meriti di Al-Khuwārizmī per le sue chiare spiegazioni sull’uso delle equazioni.

La diffusione delle cifre indo-arabiche nel mondo occidentale è generalmente attribuita al matematico pisano Leonardo Fibonacci (ca. 1170-1250). 

Fibonacci scoprì queste cifre durante i suoi viaggi nel mondo mediterraneo, e questo lo indusse a scrivere il trattato Liber abaci (Libro del Calcolo).

 

Circle of Vienna - "Wiener Kreis”

 

Logical positivism or Neopositivism

1924–1936

 

 

 

Kurt Godel

 

 

 

 

 

Marshall McLuhan

 

Marshall McLuhan was the first theorist who in 1964 spoke of the idea of the Global Village in his essay “Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man”.

The term’s origins trace back to McLuhan’s work in the early 1960s, when he first mentioned in The Gutenberg Galaxy (1962) that “[the] new electronic interdependence recreates the world in the image of a global village.”

Another early iteration of this idea can be found in his best-known work, Understanding Media (1964):

Global Village
Marshall McLuhan’s "Global Village" is a concept stating that electronic media connects the entire world so rapidly that people everywhere live as if they are in a single, small village.

 

Links:

 

>>> https://www.marshallmcluhan.com

 

>>> https://www.cultureandtech.utoronto.ca

 

>>> https://www.marshallmcluhan.com/biography/

 

 

 

 

Rudolf Steiner

>>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner

EN

In a 1917 lecture, Rudolf Steiner discussed a hypothetical future where materialistic science might use a "vaccine" to chemically influence the physical body.

He claimed this could

"disconnect the spiritual components from human consciousness, leaving people acting like biological automatons".

These statements were philosophical warnings against extreme biological materialism.

 

AI IS REMOVING THE SOUL OF HUMANITY

 

Core Concepts of the 1917 Lecture

Rudolf Steiner:

" In the future, we will eliminate the soul with medicine. Under the pretext of a 'healthy point of view', there will be a vaccine by which the human body will be treated as soon as possible directly at birth, so that the human being cannot develop the thought of the existence of soul and Spirit.

To materialistic doctors, will be entrusted the task of removing the soul of humanity.

As today, people are vaccinated against this disease or that disease, so in the future, children will be vaccinated with a substance that can be produced precisely in such a way that people, thanks to this vaccination, will be immune to being subjected to the "madness" of spiritual life.

He would be extremely smart, but he would not develop a conscience, and that is the true goal of some materialistic circles.

With such a vaccine, you can easily make the etheric body loose in the physical body.

Once the etheric body is detached, the relationship between the universe and the etheric body would become extremely unstable, and man would become an "empty automated existence".

So, the vaccine becomes a kind of ahrimanic force; man can no longer get rid of a given materialistic feeling.

He becomes materialistic of constitution and can no longer rise to the spiritual .

Today, artificial intelligence, automation, and hyper-complexity of our society are risk stripping and swiping away the core qualities that define human existence.

 

Read more:

 

>>> https://steinerbooks.org

 

 

 

Karl Popper 

 

Karl Popper - Three Worlds 

His theory of the Three Worlds can be found in his book Objective Knowledge, published in 1972, but also in a conference given at the University of Michigan in 1978 in the context of The Tanner Lectures on Human Values.

World 1

World 1 is the one consisting of all physical bodies: plants, animals, stars, and stones, but also radiation and gravity. World 1 denotes all entities in their physical, chemical, and biological dimension. 

World 1 is the physical universe. It consists of the actual truth and reality that we try to represent, such as energy, physics, and chemistry. We may exist in this world, however, we do not always perceive it and then represent it correctly.

 

World 2

World 2 represents, on the other hand, a mental and psychological dimension. It is the world of pain, pleasure, thoughts, ideas, fears, and hopes.

Popper is not exclusively referring to consciousness or human subjectivity.

World 2 is the world of our subjective personal perceptions, experiences, and cognition. It is what we think about the world as we try to map, represent, and anticipate or hypotheses in order to maintain our existence in an every changing place. Personal knowledge and memory form this world, which are based on self-regulation, cognition, bias, consciousness, dispositions, and processes. 

 

World 3

World 3 is the sum total of the objective abstract products of the human mind. It consists of such artifacts as books, tools, theories, models, libraries, computers, and networks. It is quite a diverse mixture that ranges from a claw-hammer to Maslow's hierarchy to Godel's proof of the incompleteness of arithmetic. While knowledge may be created and produced by World 2 activities, its artifacts are stored in this world. Popper also includes genetic heredity (if you think about it, genes are really nothing more than a biological artifact of instructions).

World 3 as “the world of objective contents of thought, especially of scientific and poetic thoughts and of works of art”.

World 3 is constituted by languages, tales, myths, scientific conjectures, math, paintings, sculptures, and symphonies.

 

Popper and AI

Popper says that without the human instinct for long-term survival (which is the main task of evolution) the artificial intelligence (in his 1978 lecture) would not have a need to become conscious.

 

 

Libro: Cattiva Maestra TV

 

 

 

William Gibson

>>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibson

 

Neuromancer

...the sky above the port was the color of television, tuned to a dead channel...

 

Neuromancer is a 1984 science fiction novel that inspired a whole  generation of cyberpunk enthusiasts.

Considered one of the earliest works in the genre (if not the earliest), the novel showcases its characteristic contrast between "low-life and high tech" in ways that most modern works related to this genre.

 

 

 

Michael L. Benedikt

 

Cyberspace: First Steps (1991)

 

IT

Un approccio antropologico e sociologico alla Cyberspace e alla Cybercultura degli anni '90 negli USA.

Il viaggio del cyberspazio da un semplice concetto a un'infrastruttura digitale globale tangibile è una testimonianza del potere dell'ingegno umano e del progresso tecnologico.

Inizialmente coniato nel regno della fantascienza, il termine "cyberspazio" ha rapidamente trasceso le sue origini letterarie e filosofiche per diventare la spina dorsale della società moderna. Questo panorama digitale, un tempo una visione speculativa di computer interconnessi che facilitano la comunicazione, si è evoluto in un reticolato e tessuto connettivo intricato di dati, nodi e piattaforme digitali che rappresentano l'architettura digitale dell'ecosistema della nostra vita quotidiana.

Un momento cruciale nella concettualizzazione del cyberspazio come qualcosa di più di una semplice rete è stata la pubblicazione della "Dichiarazione di indipendenza del cyberspazio" di John Perry Barlow. Questo documento visionario, scritto a metà degli anni '90, ha sfidato le nozioni tradizionali di governance, sovranità e controllo, proclamando il cyberspazio come un regno al di là della portata delle restrizioni imposte dal governo. La dichiarazione di Barlow ha articolato una visione dello spazio digitale come una comunità libera e aperta in cui gli individui possono interagire senza timore di censura o repressione, gettando le basi ideologiche per l’evoluzione del cyberspazio come nuova frontiera dell’interazione umana (Human To Human Interaction).

Negli anni '90, il cyberspazio stava diventando visibile ed emergeva in maniera dirompente come una nuova dimensione sociale.

 

EN

An anthropological and sociological approach to Cyberspace and Cyberculture of the 1990s in the USA.

Cyberspace's journey from a simple concept to a tangible global digital architecture and extended infrastructure is a testament to the power of human ingenuity and technological progress.

Initially coined in the realm of science fiction, the term "cyberspace" quickly transcended its literary and philosophical origins to become the backbone of modern society. This digital landscape, once a speculative vision of interconnected computers facilitating communication, has evolved into an intricate network and connective tissue of data, nodes, and digital platforms that represent the digital architecture of the ecosystem of our daily lives.

A pivotal moment in the conceptualization of cyberspace as more than just a network was the publication of John Perry Barlow's "Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace". This visionary document, written in the mid-1990s, challenged traditional notions of governance, sovereignty, and control, proclaiming cyberspace as a realm beyond the reach of government-imposed restrictions. Barlow's statement articulated a vision of digital space as a free and open community in which individuals can interact without fear of censorship or repression, laying the ideological foundations for the evolution of cyberspace as a new frontier of human interaction (Human To Human Interaction).

In the 1990s, cyberspace was becoming visible and disruptively emerging as a new social dimension.

 

 

 

 

Philip K. Dick

 

 

>>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_K._Dick

 

 

 

 

Alan Turing

 

 

 

 

 

 

Carl Sagan

 

 

Pioneer I  - Pioneer II

Pioneers 10 and 11 both carried small metal plaques identifying their time and place of origin for the benefit of any other spacefarers that might find them in the distant future. The golden plaque was the brainchild of Carl Sagan who wanted any alien civilization who might encounter the craft to know who made it and how to contact them. It gives our location in the Galaxy and depicts a naked man and woman drawn in relation to the spacecraft.

The Pioneer spacecraft were equipped with gold-anodized, aluminum plaques. The plaques were designed by Dr. Carl Sagan and Dr. Frank Drake and drawn by Dr. Sagan's wife Linda Sagan. The Pioneer plaques used the hydrogen atom as a basis for describing the location of our solar system in the Milky Way and the relative locations of the planets in our solar system. Additionally, the plaques contained a picture of a man and a woman, and indicated the location of their home, Earth, in our solar system.

 

>>> https://science.nasa.gov/resource/pioneer-plaque/

 

>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYtdQ8sA7Ao

 

 

 

Voyager I  

Scientific Instruments:

1. Imaging Science System (ISS)
2. Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS)
3. Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer (IRIS)
4. Planetary Radio Astronomy Experiment (PRA)
5. Photopolarimeter (PPS)
6. Triaxial Fluxgate Magnetometer (MAG)
7. Plasma Spectrometer (PLS)
8. Low-Energy Charged Particles Experiment (LECP)
9. Plasma Waves Experiment (PWS)
10. Cosmic Ray Telescope (CRS)
11. Radio Science System (RSS)

 

 

Voyager II

Scientific Instruments:

1. Imaging Science System (ISS)
2. Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS)
3. Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer (IRIS)
4. Planetary Radio Astronomy Experiment (PRA)
5. Photopolarimeter (PPS)
6. Triaxial Fluxgate Magnetometer (MAG)
7. Plasma Spectrometer (PLS)
8. Low-Energy Charged Particles Experiment (LECP)
9. Plasma Waves Experiment (PWS)
10. Cosmic Ray Telescope (CRS)
11. Radio Science System (RSS)

 

 

 

>>> https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/voyager-1/

 

>>> https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/voyager-2/

 

 

Golden Record

When NASA launched Voyager, it carried the famous golden record, a 30cm gold-plated disc containing greetings in 55 languages, images of Earth and music from around the World.

Decades later, that record is being reconsidered, not as a message but as a beacon (faro).

The golden record includes Earth’s location mapped using pulsars. It also includes instructions for how to play it and interpret its symbols.

 

Images

>>> https://science.nasa.gov/gallery/images-on-the-golden-record/

 

 

Gioacchino da Fiore

 

IT

Gioacchino da Fiore nacque a Célico (Cosenza) intorno al 1130.

Venne collocato da Dante nel cielo del Sole per la sapienza del suo spirito profetico.

Dopo aver visitato la Palestina, si fece frate cistercense e in seguito fu nominato abate. Tra i vari monasteri di cui fu ospite si ricorda l’abbazia di Casamari.

In seguito ad una crisi spirituale, abbandonò l’ordine e dopo un periodo di eremitaggio fondò la Congregazione Florense, che prende titolo dal monastero di San Giovanni in Fiore, sulla Sila, dove ebbe sede, e che nel 1570 confluì nell’ordine dei cistercensi.

Gioacchino morì intorno al 1202, secondo alcuni a Pietralta o Petrafitta, secondo altri a Corazzo o S. Martino di Canale o S. Giovanni in Fiore.

Di lui sono note interessanti e originali intuizioni in ambito teologico e filosofico tra le quali spiccano quelle relative allo sviluppo dei concetti riferiti alle “Tre Età della Storia terrena”.

Le “Figurae”, concepite e disegnate da Gioacchino da Fiore in tempi diversi, vennero esemplate e radunate nel Liber Figurarum nel periodo immediatamente successivo alla sua morte, avvenuta nel 1202.

 

EN

Joachim of Fiore was a 12th-century Italian abbess and theological thinker, renowned for his theory of the Three Ages of History.

His ideas had a lasting influence on eschatology, reform thought, and spiritual movements in the late Middle Ages.

 

Liber Figurarum

 

>>> https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liber_Figurarum

 

>>> https://www.centrostudigioachimiti.it/tavole-liber-figurarum/

 

 

 

 

Pythagoras & the Music of the Spheres

 

There is geometry in the humming of the strings.

There is music in the spacing of the spheres.                                                                

Pythagoras (569–490 BCE)

 

 

Pythagoras believed the quality of life on Earth reflects the tenor of celestial sounds as well as those earthbound notes.

 

 

Liber Iuratus Honorii
or
The Sworne Booke of Honorius

 

 

>>> https://esotericarchives.com/juratus/juratus.htm

 

 

 

>>> Ars Notoria

The Ars Notoria is a 13th-century Latin book of magic which collects practitioners enhanced mental faculties, communication with angels, and mastery of earthly and celestial knowledge through ritualistic practices.

 

>>> https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/ars-notoria/

 

 

 

 

Harmonices Mundi

>>> https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/ioanniskepplerih00kepl

The astronomer and mathematician Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) published his Harmonices Mundi in Linz, Austria, in 1619.

The title translates as the Harmony of the Worlds.

This important work details Kepler’s expansion of the theory, popular with medieval philosophers, which suggested that musical harmonies exist within the positions of the planets.

The musical theory provided astronomers and philosophers with a rational explanation for the arrangement of the heavenly bodies.

Kepler updated the theory by proposing that the harmony was produced, not just by the planets’ positions, but by the relationship between the distances of the planets from the sun to their orbital periods.

Planets generating music together in perfect harmony.

 

 

 

 

Splendor Solis

“Splendor Solis or the Sun’s Radiance…” – is the most beautiful and well known illuminated alchemical manuscript in the world.

 

 

>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfTJzwByasQ&t=11s

 

 

>>> https://patrimonioediciones.com/portfolio-item/splendor-solis-treatise-of-alchemy/?lang=en

 

 

 

 

Links:

 

>>> https://www.divinityatlas.com

 

 

 

 

 

 

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